{"id":8786,"date":"2026-02-16T12:51:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T11:51:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/?page_id=8786"},"modified":"2026-04-01T09:32:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:32:24","slug":"5-1-de-la-informacio-al-coneixement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/pagina-dinici-buida\/5-1-de-la-informacio-al-coneixement\/","title":{"rendered":"4.3. Fonaments i tractament de les dades"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><h5 class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Fonaments i tractament de les dades<\/span><\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fonaments i tractament de les dades<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les dades es poden classificar principalment en dues tipologies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quantitatives:<\/strong> de naturalesa num\u00e8rica, responen al \u00abquants\u00bb o a la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d\u2019un fet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qualitatives:<\/strong> informaci\u00f3 no num\u00e8rica centrada en qualitats i atributs que expliquen el \u00abcom\u00bb i el \u00abper qu\u00e8\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>El proc\u00e9s d\u2019aplegar i mesurar informaci\u00f3 de variables espec\u00edfiques serveix per respondre a preguntes i hip\u00f2tesis plantejades. Els m\u00e8todes m\u00e9s habituals en aquest proc\u00e9s s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Enquestes i q\u00fcestionaris:<\/strong> recullen informaci\u00f3 d\u2019un grup de persones de manera estructurada (poden recollir dades quantitatives o qualitatives).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Entrevistes:<\/strong> obtenen informaci\u00f3 detallada d\u2019individus a trav\u00e9s de converses (qualitatives).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Observacions:<\/strong> registren el comportament i els esdeveniments de forma directa (qualitatives).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>An\u00e0lisi de registres:<\/strong> examinen documents existents, bases de dades o arxius (poden recollir dades quantitatives o qualitatives).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019an\u00e0lisi \u00e9s el proc\u00e9s d\u2019examinar, filtrar i transformar les dades amb l\u2019objectiu de descobrir patrons, tend\u00e8ncies i relacions per extreure\u2019n conclusions. En trobem diverses tipologies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Descriptiva:<\/strong> resumeix o descriu les dades per entendre qu\u00e8 ha passat en un per\u00edode determinat de temps. Per exemple, calcular la mitjana en les notes de matem\u00e0tiques en l\u2019\u00faltim trimestre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diagn\u00f2stica:<\/strong> se centra a entendre els motius d\u2019un fet o resultat, \u00e9s a dir, en el \u00abperqu\u00e8\u00bb. Per exemple, analitzar per qu\u00e8 la mitjana de les notes de matem\u00e0tiques ha augmentat respecte al trimestre anterior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Predictiva:<\/strong> utilitza dades ja existents i\/o patrons hist\u00f2rics per pronosticar el que podria passar en un futur. Per exemple, predir les notes de matem\u00e0tiques del pr\u00f2xim trimestre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prescriptiva:<\/strong> recomana certes accions tenint en compte les dades amb l\u2019objectiu d\u2019obtenir un resultat espec\u00edfic. Per exemple, recomanar un exercici concret per millorar les notes de matem\u00e0tiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comunicaci\u00f3 i visualitzaci\u00f3 creativa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Per fer la informaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s accessible i explicar una \u00abhist\u00f2ria\u00bb amb dades, s\u2019utilitzen representacions gr\u00e0fiques segons l\u2019objectiu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gr\u00e0fics de barres per a comparacions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8983\" style=\"width:430px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-9.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gr\u00e0fics de l\u00ednies per mostrar tend\u00e8ncies temporals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8986\" style=\"width:427px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-12.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mapes coropl\u00e8tics per identificar patrons geogr\u00e0fics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8981\" style=\"width:425px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-7.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gr\u00e0fics de sectors per analitzar parts d&#8217;un total.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8985\" style=\"width:423px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-11.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gr\u00e0fics de dispersi\u00f3 per entendre correlacions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8982\" style=\"width:423px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-8.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Per a narracions m\u00e9s profundes, es recomanen formats com:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Infografies (per sintetitzar temes complexos)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definir el missatge principal:<\/strong> qu\u00e8 volem que entenguin les persones que la veuen?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Seleccionar les dades m\u00e9s rellevants:<\/strong> escollir les dades i informaci\u00f3 que ens s\u00f3n m\u00e9s \u00fatils per transmetre el missatge definit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Organitzar la informaci\u00f3 visualment:<\/strong> ordenar el contingut de manera l\u00f2gica i coherent. Per exemple, si es vol explicar un fet cronol\u00f2gic, comen\u00e7ar per les dades m\u00e9s antigues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Triar colors i tipografies clares:<\/strong> \u00e9s important evitar la saturaci\u00f3 i buscar la llegibilitat i comprensi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Presentacions (com a suport visual en explicacions orals)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Planificar l\u2019estructura:<\/strong> abans de comen\u00e7ar, organitzar la informaci\u00f3 en blocs coherents com ara introducci\u00f3, desenvolupament (dades i arguments) i conclusions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diapositives clares i visuals:<\/strong> \u00e9s recomanable escollir un sol missatge per diapositiva per aix\u00ed poder sintetitzar el text i escollir les imatges, gr\u00e0fics, etc. adequats per refor\u00e7ar el missatge principal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Utilitzar un fil narratiu:<\/strong> cada diapositiva ha d\u2019explicar una nova part de la hist\u00f2ria o fet. \u00c9s important estructurar la informaci\u00f3 tenint present aquesta narraci\u00f3 per tal d\u2019evitar repeticions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00eddeos (per transmetre emocions i fomentar la creativitat)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definir la hist\u00f2ria:<\/strong> quin \u00e9s o quins s\u00f3n els missatges principals i a qui van dirigits?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Escriure un breu gui\u00f3:<\/strong> organitzar la informaci\u00f3 en seq\u00fc\u00e8ncies o parts que permetin explicar la hist\u00f2ria de forma l\u00f2gica.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gravar, crear o cercar els materials visuals:<\/strong> elaborar o escollir imatges, v\u00eddeos i gr\u00e0fics que ajudin a explicar les parts o seq\u00fc\u00e8ncies definides pr\u00e8viament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Editar el v\u00eddeo:<\/strong> un cop escollits els materials, ordenar-los seguint el gui\u00f3 creat amb anterioritat. Acabada aquesta primera part, i si \u00e9s necessari, afegir text, m\u00fasica i \u00e0udio per tal de transmetre de la millor manera possible els missatges establerts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00a0Recursos pel tractament i visualitzaci\u00f3 de dades<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tipus<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Eines<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Caracter\u00edstiques principals<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tractament de dades<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/workspace.google.com\/products\/sheets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google Sheets<\/a>*<\/td><td>Eines per introduir, ordenar i analitzar dades. Permeten fer c\u00e0lculs, taules din\u00e0miques i gr\u00e0fics b\u00e0sics.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Visualitzaci\u00f3 de dades<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/trends.google.com\/trends\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google Trends<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/intl\/es\/maps\/about\/mymaps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google My Maps<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datawrapper.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datawrapper<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/flourish.studio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Flourish&nbsp;<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/datagifmaker.withgoogle.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google Data GIF Maker<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tableau.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tableau<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instamaps.cat\/#\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instamaps<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/lookerstudio.google.com\/u\/0\/navigation\/reporting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Looker Studio<\/a>*<\/td><td>Plataformes en l\u00ednia per visualitzar, crear gr\u00e0fics i\/o mapes interactius. Algunes tenen interf\u00edcie o suport parcial en catal\u00e0 i permeten exportar els resultats en formats d\u2019imatge o web.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Infografies<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Canva<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/piktochart.com\/?nab=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Piktochart&nbsp;<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/app.genially.com\/?from=login-true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Genially<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visme.co\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Visme<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/easel.ly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Easel.ly<\/a><\/td><td>Interf\u00edcies intu\u00eftives amb plantilles visuals i opcions per crear diversos tipus d\u2019infografies. Permeten treballar en catal\u00e0 i col\u00b7laborar en l\u00ednia.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Presentacions<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google presentacions<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/es_es\/presentaciones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Canva presentacions<\/a>*<br><a href=\"https:\/\/app.genially.com\/?from=login-true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Genially<\/a><\/td><td>Eines que possibiliten combinar text, imatges, v\u00eddeos i \u00e0udio. F\u00e0cils de compartir i editar, si es vol, de manera col\u00b7lectiva.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>V\u00eddeos<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/clipchamp.com\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Clipchamp<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/es_es\/editor-video\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Canva V\u00eddeos*<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kapwing.com\/folder\/6632405e850fc327d2ec1f06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kapwing<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.capcut.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CapCut<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/express\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adobe Express<\/a><\/td><td>Permeten editar v\u00eddeos breus, ordenant els clips i afegint text, m\u00fasica i subt\u00edtols. Algunes ofereixen interf\u00edcie i subtitulaci\u00f3 autom\u00e0tica en catal\u00e0.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpretaci\u00f3 cr\u00edtica i fonts fiables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s fonamental que l&#8217;alumnat entengui que cap dada \u00e9s totalment neutra, ja que el seu significat dep\u00e8n del context i de la finalitat amb qu\u00e8 es presenta. En utilitzar dades secund\u00e0ries (elaborades per tercers), cal validar la font q\u00fcestionant qui la publica, la metodologia utilitzada, l&#8217;actualitat de la informaci\u00f3 i el format de representaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fonts verificades d\u2019on extreure dades: <\/strong><strong>instituts oficials d&#8217;estad\u00edstica&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Portal&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nivell geogr\u00e0fic principal<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tipus de dades<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Idescat<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Catalunya (comarques i municipis)<\/td><td>Demografia i societat, economia, educaci\u00f3, qualitat de vida, medi ambient, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>INE (Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica)<\/strong><\/td><td>Estat espanyol (comunitats aut\u00f2nomes)<\/td><td>Demografia i societat, economia, mercat laboral, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Eurostat<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Uni\u00f3 Europea<\/td><td>Demografia i societat, economia, mercat laboral, tecnologia i ci\u00e8ncia, equitat. Inclou un apartat espec\u00edfic amb dades sobre inf\u00e0ncia i joventut a la Uni\u00f3 Europea.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>UNESCO UIS<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Global<\/td><td>Estad\u00edstiques globals sobre educaci\u00f3, cultura, ci\u00e8ncia, tecnologia i innovaci\u00f3, etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8984\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/projectes.xtec.cat\/ami\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu3044\/2026\/03\/image-10.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">El cam\u00ed de les dades. Font: Elvira Vilardell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><h5 class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Activitats<\/span><\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p>Activitats proposades per les persones que han desenvolupat els materials:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Nom de l&#8217;activitat<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Objectiu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"#us1\">Simulaci\u00f3 de l\u2019impacte del soroll digital<\/a><\/td><td>Experimentar f\u00edsicament la sobrec\u00e0rrega cognitiva i les distraccions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"#us2\">Detectius digitals<\/a><\/td><td>Identificar senyals d&#8217;alerta davant l&#8217;enginyeria social o el <em>phishing<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"us1\">Activitat 1: \u201cSimulaci\u00f3 de l\u2019impacte del soroll digital\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019objectiu d\u2019aquesta activitat \u00e9s fer comprendre a l\u2019alumnat, a trav\u00e9s d\u2019una simulaci\u00f3 anal\u00f2gica, com funciona el <strong>soroll digital i la sobreinformaci\u00f3<\/strong>, quins efectes t\u00e9 sobre l\u2019atenci\u00f3 i com podem aplicar estrat\u00e8gies per gestionar-lo. Aquesta activitat reprodueix de manera f\u00edsica els mateixos fen\u00f2mens descrits en la literatura:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Distractors que interrompen la concentraci\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soroll ambiental que afecta mem\u00f2ria i comprensi\u00f3&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sobrec\u00e0rrega cognitiva davant m\u00faltiples est\u00edmuls<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Material necessari:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Targetes o post-its en tres colors&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 sobres o caixes&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Una lectura breu en paper (100\u2013150 paraules)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sonor ambiental suau (opcional): pot ser picar lleument la taula, fer sorollets amb paper, picar amb els peus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pas 1. Simulaci\u00f3 del soroll digital&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Divideix l\u2019aula en dos grups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Grup A: \u201cReceptors de soroll digital\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Els companys del grup B mentre l\u2019alumnat del grup A intenta llegir el text van fent arribar diferents post-its aleat\u00f2riament a la taula on estan llegint, imitant l\u2019arribada d\u2019est\u00edmuls constants:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Verd:<\/strong> informaci\u00f3 rellevant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vermell:<\/strong> distraccions (equivalent a notificacions)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Groc:<\/strong> informaci\u00f3 irrellevant o excessiva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Despr\u00e9s d\u2019un minut de lectura, els alumnes del grup A responen 4 preguntes de comprensi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pas 2. Es repeteix la din\u00e0mica amb una altra lectura&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara es repeteix l\u2019activitat de llegir una altra lectura per\u00f2 en condicions \u00f2ptimes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Silenci absolut<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sense post-its<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sense interrupcions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Els alumnes tornen a respondre quatre preguntes de comprensi\u00f3. El resultat esperat \u00e9s que la comprensi\u00f3 \u00e9s millor en la segona lectura, sense cap mena d\u2019interrupci\u00f3 externa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pas 3. Reflexi\u00f3 guiada&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El o la docent dinamitza el di\u00e0leg a partir de les seg\u00fcents preguntes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heu sentit saturaci\u00f3 o pressa per processar tot el que arribava?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u00e8 ha dificultat m\u00e9s la comprensi\u00f3? El soroll? Les interrupcions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quins paral\u00b7lelismes etiquetar\u00edeu amb l\u2019\u00fas de tecnologia?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quan heu pogut estar m\u00e9s concentrats?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podem gestionar les distraccions del soroll digital?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A partir del di\u00e0leg s\u2019elaboren conjuntament unes conclusions que ajudin a promoure estrat\u00e8gies davant del soroll digital per evitar l\u2019afectaci\u00f3 a la concentraci\u00f3 i al propi proc\u00e9s d\u2019aprenentatge a partir de les treballades en aquesta unitat tem\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Recursos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BBC. (s.d.) Online Safety: Health, wellbeing and lifestyle.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/teach\/topics\/c8vv58jqnd9t\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/teach\/topics\/c8vv58jqnd9t<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common Sense Education. (n.d.). <em>Digital citizenship<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonsense.org\/education\/digital-citizenship\">https:\/\/www.commonsense.org\/education\/digital-citizenship<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consell de l\u2019Audiovisual de Catalunya. (n.d.). eduCAC: alfabetitzaci\u00f3 medi\u00e0tica. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.educac.cat\">https:\/\/www.educac.cat<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"us2\">Activitat 2: Detectius digitals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectiu:<\/strong> Identificar senyals d\u2019alerta davant riscos de ciberassetjament, enginyeria social o manipulaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Procediment:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Es presenten 5 situacions reals (an\u00f2nimes) de risc digital:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Missatge sospit\u00f3s demanant dades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comentari hostil repetit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perfil fals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sol\u00b7licitud d\u2019informaci\u00f3 sensible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pressions per enviar imatges<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En grups, els alumnes classifiquen cada situaci\u00f3 en:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Assetjament<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enginyeria social<br>Suplantaci\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cap risc<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Es debaten les estrat\u00e8gies adequades de resposta.<br><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Resultat esperat:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Els alumnes aprenen a recon\u00e8ixer patrons de risc i a aplicar estrat\u00e8gies de prevenci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><h5 class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Materials i guies t\u00e8cniques<\/span><\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p>Els continguts d&#8217;aquesta p\u00e0gina han estat elaborats per diferents professionals de l&#8217;\u00e0mbit universitari especialitzats en alfabetitzaci\u00f3 medi\u00e0tica i informacional. En aquesta p\u00e0gina podreu trobar els materials originals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .contenedor-materials {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: 20px;\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n  .modul-card {\n    flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 20px); \/* Ocupa el 50% de l'amplada *\/\n    min-width: 300px;\n    border: 1px solid #ddd;\n    padding: 15px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    background: #f9f9f9;\n    text-align: center;\n  }\n  .modul-card iframe {\n    border: 1px solid #ccc;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n  }\n  .titol-materials {\n    font-size: 32px;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    text-align: center;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n    display: block;\n  }\n<\/style>\n<span class=\"titol-materials\">Materials<\/span>\n<div class=\"contenedor-materials\">\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 1<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Merc\u00e8 Guill\u00e9n i Ismael Pe\u00f1a\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1aJ768ERkhNhWUkob9aj86OcZkcsEDgxF\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 2<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Cristina Pulido\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19vPAqh4XmGA_EKU8d3_hlHgaUSPyYir_\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 3<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Cristina Pulido\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/102cpzE-P9sTP1plA2p4HUCIKFCRggP4E\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 4<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Nereida Carrillo\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OotWgMMdKIoXcrTFnKriT6vG3ePiusMk\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 5<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Elvira Vilardell\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DQnwseMEL4vk13GxEZi76ev6iAuqmvQr\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"modul-card\">\n    <strong>M\u00f2dul 6<\/strong><br>Elaborat per Merc\u00e8 Guill\u00e9n\n    <iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1my0Muh_hhzqf0V9gdLkC1A1-Oiko_4ZI\/preview\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les guies t\u00e8cniques estan en proc\u00e9s d&#8217;elaboraci\u00f3, a mesura que estiguin disponibles les allotjarem en aquest espai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background-holder\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__background\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__foreground\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__content\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-section__inner-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":9,"menu_order":22,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"left-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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